Oncofusion

start / graph / interface-kmt2a-rpa2-declined-an-abundant-nuclear-ssdna-binder-on-six-spectra-but-the-resection-thread-is-live

Interfaceweak confidence 2 of 5: Preliminary, small, indirect, or not yet peer reviewed.Q180-the-af4-specific-interactors

RPA2 is the only compartment-compatible candidate of the six and the corpus already has a KMT2A resection thread it would fit — but it is an abundant ssDNA-binding subunit on 6 spectra in a benzonase-treated lysate with no RPA1 or RPA3 co-recovered — declined, thread flagged

also called MLL-AF4-RPA2 · KMT2A-RPA2 · RPA32 · Replication protein A 32 kDa subunit · RFA2

RPA2 coats single-stranded DNA during repair, and it is genuinely in the nucleus, unlike most of the other candidates. But its two partner subunits, which it is always found with, were not pulled down alongside it — and the DNA it normally sits on was digested away before the experiment. Six detections is not enough, so we decline it while flagging that the repair question it points at is a real one this graph is already asking.

The same thing, for a scientist

**Verdict: DECLINED, with the thread explicitly kept open.** RPA2 (P15927, 270 aa) is the **only one of the six MLL-AF4-specific candidates whose compartment fits**: nucleus with five ECO:0000269 citations plus PML body [E1]. It is also the one with a ready-made home in this corpus — `interactome10` and `q32-brca1-hr-licensing` already carry an HR/resection thread naming RPA2 across 13 entries. Four things stop it. (i) **Six spectra (3|3), p = 0.0221, rank 55 of 291** [E2]. (ii) **RPA1 and RPA3 are absent from the MLL-AF4 column and from the whole 960-protein network** — RPA is an obligate heterotrimer, so a genuine RPA-complex association should have brought at least RPA1, the largest and most peptide-rich subunit [E3]. (iii) The lysate was **benzonase- and RNase-treated**, so any association mediated by the ssDNA that RPA exists to bind was destroyed before purification [E4]. (iv) RPA2 is among the most abundant nuclear proteins in a cycling cell line. **The decline is on evidence, and the open question is named rather than buried.**

Go deeper
The subunit test, which is the decisive one

RPA is a constitutive heterotrimer: RPA1 (70 kDa, P27694), RPA2 (32 kDa, P15927), RPA3 (14 kDa, P35244). It does not exist as a free RPA2 monomer in meaningful quantity. So a pulldown that recovers RPA2 through a genuine association with the RPA complex should recover RPA1 too — and RPA1 is more than twice the length, giving it more tryptic peptides and better detectability.

Swept against the sheet, neither RPA1 nor RPA3 appears anywhere in the 960-protein network, under any of the seven baits 3. Either the association is with free RPA2 outside the complex — possible, since RPA2 has trimerisation-independent functions and a phosphorylated N-terminus that is a signalling hub — or RPA2's six spectra are background. Nothing in the dataset distinguishes these, and the second is the parsimonious reading.

The complementary point is the nuclease treatment. RPA's entire function is binding ssDNA, so the single most plausible route by which RPA2 would co-purify with a chromatin-bound bait is a shared nucleic-acid template. Benzonase at 20 U/ml plus RNase A for 15 min at 4 °C removes that route 4. A DNA-bridged RPA2–KMT2A::AFF1 association is therefore not something this dataset could have detected, and its appearance here is not explained by the mechanism that would have made it most likely.

The thread this does NOT close

This corpus holds a live line of work on homologous recombination and end resection in KMT2A-rearranged disease — exp-hr-competence-under-menin-inhibition-in-kmt2a-rearranged-blasts, hyp-the-menin-arm-and-the-ctcf-arm-license-consecutive-steps-of-one-resection-reaction, gene-rbbp8, gene-topbp1, gene-exo1, gene-rad51 — in which RPA2 is named 13 times as the reporter of resection, never as a KMT2A partner. RPA2 in that thread is an assay readout: RPA2 foci and RPA2 phosphorylation are how resection is measured.

That is worth stating plainly because it is the likeliest way this entry gets misread. A later beat seeing "RPA2 is in the KMT2A::AFF1 interactome" beside "RPA2 foci report resection in KMT2A-rearranged blasts" could join them into a physical mechanism. They do not join. One is a 6-spectrum prey row in a T-ALL transgene pulldown; the other is an immunofluorescence readout in a different system measuring a different thing. The Skucha row adds nothing to the resection hypothesis and the resection hypothesis adds nothing to the Skucha row.

And the source paper's own subject cuts the other way in an interesting manner: Skucha 2018 is titled "MLL-fusion-driven leukemia requires SETD2 to safeguard genomic integrity" and its conclusion is about genome instability in MLL-fusion leukaemia. A DNA-repair protein in the MLL-AF4 prey list is therefore thematically consistent with the paper's own finding — which is a reason to look harder, not a reason to believe the row. SETD2 itself is a pan-fusion partner (all seven baits, MLL-AF4 p = 0.0372), so the paper's genome-integrity mechanism runs through the shared core and not through this tail.

Facts and figures
partner agene-kmt2a
partner a uniprotQ03164
partner a length AA3969
partner bRPA2
partner b uniprotP15927
partner b length AA270
verdictDECLINED
verdict scopeDeclined as evidence of a KMT2A::AFF1-RPA2 contact, on spectral count plus the absence of the obligate partner subunits. Explicitly NOT a closure of the HR/resection thread in this corpus, which does not depend on this row and is not strengthened by it.
adjudicated byQ180-the-af4-specific-interactors, cycle 159, 2026-09-24
source publication pmid29777171
source datasetPXD009338, Skucha 2018 seven-bait MLL-fusion AP-MS
detection methodsingle-step StrepTactin affinity purification from benzonase- and RNase-treated Jurkat nuclear extract, LC-MS/MS spectral counting with a GLM background model
experimental role partnerprey
experimental role kmt2abait (as the MLL-AF4 fusion)
bait exists in datasettrue
n publications1
n methods1
orthogonal method existsfalse
intact curatedfalse
af4 p0.0221
af4 spectral3|3
af4 spectral total6
neg ctrl0|0
rank in af4 by p55
n fusions1
druggabilityNot assessable from this row. RPA has published inhibitors targeting its ssDNA-binding and protein-interaction surfaces, which makes it more important, not less, that this row is not read as target validation.
absence classmeasured-not-searched
absence class noteTwo things are answerable from PXD009338 with no wet work and would settle this: whether RPA1 and RPA3 were detected under MLL-AF4 below the rank cut, and what peptides the six RPA2 spectra came from.
shown for fusionMLL-AF4 only, as one prey row in one AP-MS experiment in a Jurkat T-ALL host with a tagged transgene. The corpus's RPA2 appearances elsewhere are in KMT2A-rearranged B-lineage systems but concern resection assays, not this pair.
epigenetic readoutnone for this pair. The source paper's own epigenetic finding, that MLL-fusion leukaemia requires SETD2 and H3K36me3 to safeguard genomic integrity, runs through SETD2 - a PAN-fusion partner recovered under all seven baits - and not through this tail.
host cell lines
[
  "Jurkat (human T-ALL)"
]
complex coherence
{
  "complex": "RPA heterotrimer (RPA1 / RPA2 / RPA3)",
  "subunits_recovered": [
    "RPA2"
  ],
  "subunits_absent_from_the_whole_network": [
    "RPA1",
    "RPA3"
  ],
  "note": "absent from the top-300 list of all seven baits; not necessarily absent from the 4,600 proteins detected overall, which is answerable from PXD009338"
}
existing corpus thread
{
  "entries": [
    "exp-hr-competence-under-menin-inhibition-in-kmt2a-rearranged-blasts",
    "hyp-the-menin-arm-and-the-ctcf-arm-license-consecutive-steps-of-one-resection-reaction",
    "gene-rbbp8",
    "gene-topbp1",
    "gene-exo1",
    "gene-rad51"
  ],
  "role_of_rpa2_there": "assay readout - RPA2 foci and RPA2 phosphorylation as reporters of end resection",
  "relationship": "NONE. The Skucha row and the resection thread concern different systems and different quantities and must not be joined into a mechanism."
}
measurements
[
  {
    "quantity": "spectral_counts",
    "subject": "RPA2|MLL-AF4",
    "value": 6,
    "units": "spectra (3|3 over two replicates)",
    "n": 2,
    "universe": "Skucha 2018 Suppl Table 5, MLL-AF4 column",
    "null": 0,
    "note": "null column is the neg_ctrl (0|0); p = 0.0221, rank 55 of 291. Not length-normalised - at 270 aa this is proportionally more coverage than the larger candidates."
  },
  {
    "quantity": "count",
    "subject": "RPA heterotrimer subunits in the 960-protein Skucha network",
    "value": 1,
    "units": "subunits",
    "n": 3,
    "universe": "RPA1, RPA2, RPA3 matched against the gene_name column of Skucha 2018 Suppl Table 5",
    "null": 3,
    "note": "null is what an intact complex association would predict; RPA1 is the larger and more detectable subunit and is absent"
  }
]
interface residues a
[]
structures
[]
ligands
[]
How this could bite us back
  • RPA inhibitors exist and DNA-repair-directed combinations are an active idea in KMT2A-rearranged leukaemia. A 6-spectrum prey row with two missing subunits must not be cited as physical support for such a combination; the case would have to rest on the resection and SETD2 work, which is independent of it.
  • RPA is essential in every dividing cell. Any intervention at this node has a therapeutic-window problem that no interactome row speaks to.
Still open
  1. Were RPA1 and RPA3 detected under MLL-AF4 below the top-300 cut in PXD009338? Their presence would convert this from an incoherent single-subunit row into a complex-level observation and would justify reopening.
  2. Does 'RPA complex' as a search phrase, rather than the RPA2 symbol, return anything linking replication protein A to any MLL fusion? Rule 64 requires this and it was not run; the counted zero above is provisional until it is.
  3. Skucha 2018's own conclusion is that MLL-fusion leukaemia requires SETD2 to safeguard genomic integrity. Is there any published measurement of RPA2 phosphorylation or focus formation in an MLL-AF4 cell under SETD2 loss? That would connect the paper's own mechanism to a repair readout without going through this prey row at all.
  4. Would a length-normalised spectral index (emPAI or NSAF) reorder the six candidates? RPA2 at 270 aa would rise; nothing in this beat normalised for protein length.
Every source behind this entry (5)
  1. E1established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.database

    RPA2 is UniProt P15927 (RFA2_HUMAN), primary gene symbol RPA2, 270 aa, 'Replication protein A 32 kDa subunit', annotated to Nucleus with five ECO:0000269 citations (PubMed 10982866, 12814551, 17596542, 20154705, 21504906) plus a nuclear PML body location — the only one of this beat's six candidates with an experimentally coded nuclear localisation.

    What this evidence cannot show

    Resolved by accession with the primary gene name read back (rules 62, 65); synonyms REPA2, RPA32, RPA34, and no row in data/symbol-collisions.json. Rule 91 applies: five ECO:0000269 citations means curators saw experiments in five papers, not that any of them is the founding or best localisation study, and none was opened here. A correct compartment is a necessary and very weak condition - most of the nuclear proteome is compartment-compatible with a nuclear bait.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • Compartment compatibility is the weakest possible point in a prey's favour and this entry should not be read as giving it weight. 37 of the 110 MLL-AF4-specific preys are nuclear; being one of them distinguishes RPA2 from ACADM and GLUD1 but not from 36 other unadjudicated proteins in the same tail. The reason RPA2 got its own entry is the pre-existing resection thread, not the annotation. This repository 2026
  2. E2established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.paper

    RPA2's evidence as an MLL-AF4 partner is one prey row in Skucha 2018 Supplementary Table 5: p = 0.0221, spectral counts 3|3 (6 summed), neg_ctrl 0|0, rank 55 of 291, recovered under MLL-AF4 and none of the other six baits.

    MLL-fusion-driven leukemia requires SETD2 to safeguard genomic integrity. · Skucha A, Ebner J, Schmöllerl J, Roth M, et al. (20 authors; Grebien F senior author) · Nature Communications 2018
    What this evidence cannot show

    Read from the cached Supplementary Table 5 workbook with the column map asserted against the sheet's header row. RPA2 is not discussed anywhere in the paper. At 270 aa RPA2 is a small protein and 6 spectra from it is proportionally more than 6 spectra from a large one, which is a point in its favour that this entry does not quantify - no length-normalised spectral index (emPAI, NSAF) was computed for any prey in this beat.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • Spectral counts are not comparable across proteins of different size, and this entry compares them freely - RPA2's 6 spectra from 270 aa is a higher sequence coverage than GLUD1's 11 from 558 aa or RGPD8's 3 from 1765 aa. A length-normalised index would reorder the six candidates and might put RPA2 first. That calculation was not done, and if it had been it could have changed which of the six this beat spent effort on. Nature Communications 2018
  3. E3strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.database

    RPA1 and RPA3, the obligate partner subunits of the RPA heterotrimer, are absent from the entire 960-protein Skucha network — neither appears under any of the seven MLL-fusion baits — so no RPA complex was co-recovered with RPA2.

    What this evidence cannot show

    'Absent from the network' means absent from the top-300-by-p list of every bait, not absent from the raw data - 4,600 proteins were recovered in total and 960 published, so RPA1 and RPA3 may have been detected below the cut. This is a measured-not-searched absence answerable from PXD009338. Symbols were matched both exactly and as substrings against the sheet's gene_name column and against its uniprot_id column with P27694 and P35244; the only substring hit was SNRPA1 (P09661), a different gene entirely, which is worth recording as the reason a substring sweep on a three-or-four-character symbol must be read and not trusted. The sheet does use multi-gene group strings, so a subunit inside such a string could still have been missed. The expected_absent_terms field records that the absence of RPA1 and RPA3 IS the claim, so an auditor should not flag their non-appearance.

    Evidence that argues against this (2)
    • RPA1 and RPA3's absence is not decisive on its own. A top-300-per-bait cut is shallow, complex members are routinely recovered unevenly in AP-MS, and the study's GLM scores each prey independently so nothing enforces subunit coherence. This corpus has a complex-level coherence analysis for exactly this reason. What makes the argument here stronger than usual is RPA1's size: at 616 aa it offers roughly 2.3x RPA2's tryptic peptide space, so if the complex were present RPA1 should have been the easier subunit to detect, not the harder. UniProt Consortium 2026
    • CORRECTION, cycle 165 - THIS ARGUMENT IS WEAKENED, NOT REFUTED. Q192 reported that PMID 12509449 contradicts the subunit-coherence argument because 'menin binds preferentially to free RPA2, so single-subunit recovery is the predicted outcome'. Re-read against the raw abstract, only half of that holds. In vitro, menin bound preferentially to free RPA2 over the RPA heterotrimer or an RPA2/RPA3 subcomplex, so a menin-bridged association need not bring RPA1 and RPA3 - which does weaken the expectation that an obligate heterotrimer should have brought RPA1. BUT the same paper reports that RPA1 co-precipitated with RPA2 from HeLa extracts using menin-specific antibodies, 'suggesting that menin binds to the RPA heterotrimer or a novel RPA1-RPA2-containing complex in vivo'. So the in-vivo evidence points the other way, and single-subunit recovery is not 'the predicted outcome'. Net: E3 alone no longer carries the decline; the verdict still stands on spectral count, nuclease treatment and abundance (the other evidence items), and those, not E3, are what to cite for it. Mol Cell Biol 2003
  4. E4established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.dataset

    The nuclear extract was treated with benzonase (20 U/ml) and RNase A (50 ng/ml) for 15 min at 4 °C before affinity purification, so no interaction in this dataset can be bridged by DNA or RNA — including the ssDNA that RPA exists to bind.

    PXD009338 - Protein Interactions of 7 MLL-fusion Proteins (sample-processing protocol) · Skucha A, et al., deposited via PRIDE 2018-04-23, public 2018-05-25 · ProteomeXchange / PRIDE, EMBL-EBI 2018
    What this evidence cannot show

    Nuclease digestion is not necessarily complete - 15 min at 4 C with chromatinised template leaves short protected fragments, and RPA-coated ssDNA is itself nuclease-resistant to a degree. So 'no DNA-bridged interaction survived' is the intended effect of the protocol rather than a verified outcome, and the authors report no gel or fragment-size check.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • The nuclease treatment argument cuts both ways and the other direction is the more interesting one: because template-bridged associations were removed, any RPA2 that DID co-purify must have done so through a protein-protein contact. If the six spectra are real, they are evidence of a direct or complex-mediated contact rather than of shared chromatin - which would make the row MORE interesting, not less. The entry declines it on the number of spectra and the missing subunits, not on the nuclease. ProteomeXchange / PRIDE, EMBL-EBI 2018
  5. E5strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.database

    RPA2 has no independent literature linking it to KMT2A: RPA2[tiab] AND KMT2A[tiab] and RPA2[tiab] AND MLL[tiab] both return 0 records on 2026-09-24, and RPA2's 13 appearances in this corpus are, with one exception, a resection or HR assay readout, and none is a KMT2A partner; the exception is gene-rela E5 (PMID 28007956), a menin-RPA2 interaction with functional data in breast-cancer cells, which makes RPA2 a MENIN partner and not a KMT2A partner (CORRECTED cycle 165 from 'all are a resection or HR assay readout', which was false).

    What this evidence cannot show

    Bounded by titles and abstracts (rule 80) - an RPA2 blot in a supplementary figure of a KMT2A paper is invisible, and for a repair protein that is exactly where such a measurement would live. Name list tried: RPA2 only. NOT tried: RPA32, RPA34, REPA2, RFA2, 'replication protein A', or the complex-name form rule 64 requires ('RPA complex'), and RPA is a complex whose literature is overwhelmingly written at complex level. The zeros are therefore bounded by a weak name list and should be read as 'no paper names RPA2 and KMT2A together in a title or abstract', nothing wider.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • Rule 64 applies directly and this evidence item does not satisfy it: 'RPA' as a complex name was not searched, and a paper reporting an MLL-fusion interaction with the RPA complex would frame it that way and be unreachable from the subunit symbol. This corpus has already lost one absence claim to exactly that failure (gene-ssrp1 and the FACT complex). The zero above should be treated as provisional until the complex form is run and title-checked. This repository, docs/QUEEN_BRIEF.md 2026
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