ASB7 (Q9H672) - the brake on H3K9me3's own positive feedback loop, released by CDK1 in mitosis, and it reached this graph as the flattest dependency in the read queue
also called ASB7 · Q9H672 · ASB7_HUMAN · Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 7 · CRL5-ASB7 · CUL5-ASB7 · ECS(ASB7)
The silencing mark H3K9me3 copies itself: a reader finds an old mark and brings the writer to make a new one next to it. ASB7 is the switch that stops that loop running away, by destroying the writer - and a mitotic kinase turns ASB7 off so the mark can be restored when cells divide.
The same thing, for a scientist
Surfaced by this project's own interactome read queue as the **second-flattest dependency in its set** (Chronos −0.0457, 0.5% of 1,258 lines below −0.5) and nearly rejected on that basis. The function read stopped it, and the function is a 2025 *Science* paper. **Identity.** Q9H672, `ASB7_HUMAN`, **318 aa**, *Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 7*. Locations: **Chromosome on ECO:0000269**, Nucleus on ECO:0000250. It is the substrate-recognition component of a **cullin-5 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase** (the ECS/CRL5 complex), and the ASB family — ASB1 to ASB18 — is the largest group of substrate receptors for CUL5, binding **Cul5-Rbx2 but neither Cul2 nor Rbx1** through the BC box and Cul5 box of the SOCS box. **THE MECHANISM IS A BRAKE ON A POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP.** H3K9me3 maintenance works by **HP1 recognising preexisting marks and recruiting SUV39H1 to methylate adjacent newly incorporated histones** — a self-reinforcing loop. How that loop is restrained was unknown. An unbiased genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified **CUL5-ASB7 as a negative regulator of H3K9me3**: **ASB7 is recruited to heterochromatin by HP1 and promotes SUV39H1 degradation.** And the brake is cell-cycle-gated — **during mitosis CDK1 phosphorylates ASB7, preventing its interaction with SUV39H1**, so SUV39H1 is stabilised and H3K9me3 is restored. The authors describe a dynamic HP1–SUV39H1–ASB7 circuit governing H3K9me3 homeostasis, *"ensuring faithful epigenetic inheritance and preventing excessive heterochromatin formation"*. **It has a second, independent mitotic job.** ASB7 ubiquitinates **DDA3/PSRC1**, a regulator of spindle dynamics, targeting it for degradation; the presence of microtubules prevents the ASB7–DDA3 interaction and thereby stabilises DDA3; ASB7 knockdown decreased microtubule polymerisation and increased the proportion of cells with **unaligned chromosomes**, rescued by deleting DDA3. **Why it matters here, stated narrowly.** This graph holds an unresolved conflict about H3K9 methylation at the *KMT2A* locus: `mark-h3k9me3` says H3K9 methylation restrains the fusion programme so lowering it is dangerous, while `mechanism-h3k9me1-2-ctcf-balance-gates-kmt2a-rearrangement` says H3K9me1/2 promotes rearrangement so lowering it is protective. That mechanism models the H3K9 state as a **demethylase/methyltransferase balance** — KDM3B against G9a. ASB7 shows H3K9me3 is also set by **ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the writer**, a third control layer neither side accounts for. **What this entry does not claim.** That ASB7 is a member of the KMT2A::AFF1 complex. Its interaction evidence is **one bait, two publications, anti-tag co-IP, MI-score 0.35** — below IntAct's own 0.6 threshold. The function earns the entry; the interaction is only what surfaced it. And `gene-suv39h1`, `gene-cbx5`, `gene-cdk1`, `gene-psrc1` and `gene-cul5` do not exist in this graph, so the circuit this entry describes has 4 written members out of 7.
| uniprot | Q9H672 |
|---|---|
| uniprot entry name | ASB7_HUMAN |
| gene symbol | ASB7 |
| protein name | Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 7 |
| length AA | 318 |
| domains note | UniProt Q9H672 annotates no DOMAIN features. The functionally load-bearing elements are described in the literature rather than as UniProt DOMAIN features: the ankyrin repeats (ANK3-6 form the substrate groove) and the SOCS box containing the BC box and Cul5 box. An empty array rather than an omitted field, because the viewer requires these to be arrays. |
| localization | UniProt Q9H672: Chromosome [ECO:0000269]; Nucleus [ECO:0000250, i.e. by similarity]. The functional literature places it in HETEROCHROMATIN, recruited there by HP1. |
| subnuclear localization | HETEROCHROMATIN, by recruitment via HP1/CBX5 (PMID 40440427). The coded UniProt assignment is Chromosome; the nuclear assignment is by similarity only. NOT measured in any KMT2A-rearranged cell. |
| localization shown for fusion | false |
| cell type | No KMT2A-rearranged cell and no haematopoietic cell. The H3K9me3 work is a genome-scale CRISPR screen plus mechanism in unspecified human cells; the spindle work is in human cell lines; the CUL5 interaction work is in cells not specified in the abstract. |
| cell state | MITOSIS is the state variable and it inverts the function. CDK1 phosphorylates ASB7 in mitosis, blocking its interaction with SUV39H1, so the brake is released and H3K9me3 is restored. Separately, the presence of microtubules prevents the ASB7-DDA3 interaction. So ASB7's activity against both known substrates is gated by mitotic state. |
| epigenetic mark named | H3K9me3 - as a NEGATIVE regulator, acting on the writer rather than on the mark |
| epigenetic readout | Neither writer, reader nor eraser. It is a fourth class this graph has not needed before: a WRITER-DEGRADER. It sets mark levels by controlling the abundance of SUV39H1, and it is itself recruited by a reader (HP1). |
| shown for fusion | false |
| absence class | never-measured |
domains
[]
the circuit
{
"positive_feedback": "HP1 recognises preexisting H3K9me3 and recruits SUV39H1, which methylates adjacent newly incorporated histones - self-reinforcing",
"the_brake": "HP1 also recruits ASB7 to heterochromatin, and CUL5-ASB7 ubiquitinates SUV39H1 for degradation",
"the_gate": "during mitosis CDK1 phosphorylates ASB7, preventing the ASB7-SUV39H1 interaction, so SUV39H1 is stabilised and H3K9me3 is restored",
"purpose_as_stated_by_the_authors": "ensuring faithful epigenetic inheritance and preventing excessive heterochromatin formation",
"how_it_was_found": "an unbiased genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen",
"note": "the same reader recruits both the writer and the writer's destroyer, which is what makes this a homeostatic circuit rather than a simple antagonism"
}second independent function
{
"substrate": "DDA3 / PSRC1, a regulator of spindle dynamics",
"mechanism": "ASB7 ubiquitinates DDA3 and targets it for proteasomal degradation; microtubules prevent the ASB7-DDA3 interaction and so stabilise DDA3",
"phenotype": "ASB7 knockdown decreased microtubule polymerisation and increased the proportion of cells with unaligned chromosomes, rescued by deletion of DDA3",
"citation": "PMID 27697924"
}structure and druggability
{
"what_exists": "crystal structure of the ASB7-Elongin B-Elongin C ternary complex bound to a conserved helical degron; ASB7 uses ANK3-6 to form an extended groove engaging an internal alpha-helix degron through side-chain electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions",
"why_it_is_recorded": "the authors state the structure provides a basis for rational design of compounds targeting ASB7 by disrupting its interaction with its cognate degron - so this entry touches a potential intervention and carries bite_back",
"citation": "PMID 39039081"
}why it is in this graph at all
{
"route": "recovered in this project's interactome census against one of the six core baits",
"interaction_evidence": "1 bait, 2 publications, anti-tag co-IP, max IntAct MI-score 0.35 against IntAct's own 0.6 threshold",
"dependency": "Chronos -0.0457, 0.5% of 1,258 lines below -0.5 - the second flattest in its read-queue set",
"honest_statement": "the interaction evidence is weak and the dependency is flat. This entry is justified by the protein's curated and published FUNCTION, not by evidence that it binds the fusion."
}depmap
{
"mean_gene_effect": -0.0457,
"frac_below_minus_0_5": 0.0048,
"n_lines": 1258,
"depmap_release": null,
"rule_83": "the Open Targets depMapEssentiality payload carries no release identifier; figure measured in cycle 58 with all tissue blocks flattened and a payload guard at the panel maximum"
}the circuit membership recounted
{
"members": [
"gene-asb7",
"mark-h3k9me3",
"gene-suv39h1",
"gene-cbx5",
"gene-cdk1",
"gene-psrc1",
"gene-cul5"
],
"n_members": 7,
"written": [
"gene-asb7",
"mark-h3k9me3",
"gene-suv39h1",
"gene-cbx5"
],
"absent_from_this_graph": [
"gene-cdk1",
"gene-psrc1",
"gene-cul5"
],
"KING CORRECTION 2026-09-22": "This entry said \"one written member out of six\" in its summary while its own data block listed two written and five absent - seven members, not six. The summary and the data contradicted each other from the moment the entry was created, and a dispatch brief of mine inherited the summary figure and told an agent the circuit was one-sixth written. Found by Q110, which reported it as an error in an entry it did not own; recounted live against the node-id set rather than restated.",
"and_the_count_moved_again_the_same_day": "gene-suv39h1 and gene-cbx5 were written by Q110 in cycle 60, so the circuit is now 4 of 7 written. The remaining absences are gene-cdk1, gene-psrc1, gene-cul5. gene-cdk1 was declined deliberately: its phosphosite is in a paper unreadable by all five routes this project uses (PMID 40440427, no PMCID, Europe PMC isOpenAccess N, publisher returns HTTP 403).",
"the_notable_one_is_answered": "This entry asked \"Why does gene-suv39h1 not exist?\" as an open question. It exists now - O43463, 412 aa, KMT1A, X-linked at Xp11.23 - and the answer to the question the entry was really asking is that no published work places SUV39H1 at the KMT2A locus in any cell type, and ENCODE holds zero SUV39H1 ChIP-seq experiments in any cell type at all."
}- Nothing here is a target nomination and the interaction evidence behind ASB7's presence in this graph is weak - one bait, two publications, anti-tag co-IP, MI-score 0.35 against a 0.6 threshold - while its dependency is flat at -0.0457 with 0.5% of 1,258 lines below -0.5. It is not a vulnerability and it has not been shown to bind the fusion.
- A degron-disrupting ASB7 compound has been proposed (PMID 39039081) and its predicted effect is to RAISE SUV39H1 and H3K9me3. This graph cannot currently say whether that would help or harm: mark-h3k9me3 holds that H3K9 methylation restrains the fusion programme, while mechanism-h3k9me1-2-ctcf-balance-gates-kmt2a-rearrangement holds that H3K9 methylation promotes rearrangement. Two entries here predict opposite signs for the same intervention, and that disagreement must be resolved before anyone reasons about dosing it.
- ASB7 loss perturbs microtubule polymerisation and chromosome alignment (PMID 27697924). Any intervention against it should be assumed to carry mitotic toxicity in normal dividing tissue until shown otherwise, which in a child includes gut and marrow.
- Is the HP1-SUV39H1-ASB7 circuit active at the KMT2A locus? ASB7 acts in HP1-bound heterochromatin and the breakpoint element is an active CTCF/cohesin anchor in a transcribed gene, so the honest prior is that it is not - and nothing places ASB7 at any named locus.
- Does a writer-degradation layer invalidate this graph's H3K9 experiments? If H3K9me3 levels can change without any change in KDM3B or G9a activity, then manipulating those enzymes and reading the mark measures something other than what mechanism-h3k9me1-2-ctcf-balance-gates-kmt2a-rearrangement assumes.
- ANSWERED IN CYCLE 60. gene-suv39h1 now exists (O43463, 412 aa, KMT1A, X-linked at Xp11.23). The substantive answer is that the writer had no entry because there was nothing locus-specific to write: no published work places SUV39H1 at the KMT2A locus in any cell type, and ENCODE holds zero SUV39H1 ChIP-seq experiments in any cell type. Its absence class is never-measured, not measured-not-analysed.
- Does either known ASB7 substrate carry the helical degron the 2024 structure defines? The abstract does not say, and it decides whether the structure is a route to predicting further chromatin substrates.
- Is ASB7 recovered against our bait for any reason other than substrate proximity? A CRL5 substrate receptor will appear wherever its substrates are, and its interaction evidence here is one bait, two publications and an MI-score of 0.35.
- E1strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper
ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis and the brake on that mark's own positive feedback loop. Maintenance of H3K9me3 involves HP1 recognising preexisting modifications and recruiting SUV39H1 to methylate adjacent newly incorporated histones, establishing a positive feedback loop whose restriction was largely unknown. An unbiased genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified the CUL5-ASB7 E3 ubiquitin ligase as a negative regulator of H3K9me3: ASB7 is recruited to heterochromatin by HP1 and promotes SUV39H1 degradation. During mitosis, CDK1 phosphorylates ASB7, preventing its interaction with SUV39H1, which stabilises SUV39H1 and restores H3K9me3. The authors describe this as a dynamic HP1-SUV39H1-ASB7 circuit governing H3K9me3 homeostasis, ensuring faithful epigenetic inheritance and preventing excessive heterochromatin formation.
ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis. · Zhou J, Chen Y, et al. · Science 2025What this evidence cannot show
Abstract-level; no figure or methods section was read, so the cell systems, the magnitude of the H3K9me3 change on ASB7 loss, and whether the CDK1 phosphosite was mapped are not established here. The abstract does not name the cell line used for the screen or the mechanism, so nothing here is in a haematopoietic or KMT2A-rearranged cell. This is a 2025 paper with, at the time of writing, no replication known to this project.
Evidence that argues against this (2)
- The chromatin context is close to the opposite of the one this graph cares about. ASB7 acts on SUV39H1 in HP1-bound heterochromatin, whereas the KMT2A breakpoint element is an active CTCF/cohesin anchor inside a transcribed gene. A heterochromatin homeostasis circuit need not operate at a transcribed loop anchor at all, and nothing in this paper places ASB7 at any specific locus.
- It complicates this graph's proposed resolution of its own H3K9 conflict rather than helping it. That resolution turns on mark IDENTITY - H3K9me1/2 behaving differently from H3K9me3 - and the mechanism entry models the state as a demethylase versus methyltransferase balance. A writer-degradation layer means a measured H3K9me3 level can change with no change in either enzyme's activity, so an experiment that manipulates KDM3B or G9a and reads H3K9me3 is not measuring what that model assumes.
- E2strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper
ASB7 has a second, independent mitotic function: it regulates spindle dynamics and genome integrity by targeting DDA3 for proteasomal degradation. ASB7 ubiquitinates DDA3, a regulator of spindle dynamics, targeting it for degradation; the presence of microtubules prevented the ASB7-DDA3 interaction and thus stabilised DDA3; knockdown of ASB7 decreased microtubule polymerisation and increased the proportion of cells with unaligned chromosomes, and this phenotype was rescued by deletion of DDA3. Separately, ASB family proteins interact with Cul5-Rbx2 but neither Cul2 nor Rbx1, through the conserved BC box and Cul5 box sequences of the SOCS box, and the ASB-Cul5-Rbx2 complexes tested had E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.
ASB7 regulates spindle dynamics and genome integrity by targeting DDA3 for proteasomal degradation. · Uematsu K, Okumura F, et al. · The Journal of Cell Biology 2016What this evidence cannot show
Abstract-level for both papers (27697924 and 16325183, the latter for the Cul5-Rbx2 specificity). Cell systems are not named in the abstracts. 'Genome integrity' in the title refers to chromosome alignment in mitosis and not to DNA breakage or repair, and this entry does not extend it to the double-strand-break biology elsewhere in this graph.
Evidence that argues against this (2)
- Two unrelated substrates in two unrelated processes - SUV39H1 in heterochromatin and DDA3 on the spindle - argue that ASB7 is a general-purpose substrate receptor rather than a dedicated chromatin regulator. That weakens any inference from 'ASB7 was recovered against our bait' to 'ASB7 does something chromatin-specific near our complex', because a CRL5 substrate receptor will be recovered wherever its substrates are.
- The DDA3 result also supplies an alternative reading of the ASB7 knockdown phenotype in the H3K9me3 paper. If losing ASB7 perturbs microtubule polymerisation and chromosome alignment, then a mitotic defect could change H3K9me3 inheritance indirectly, without the SUV39H1-degradation mechanism being the operative route in that experiment.
- E3strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper
ASB7's substrate recognition is structurally defined and has been proposed as druggable. The crystal structure of the ASB7-Elongin B-Elongin C ternary complex bound to a conserved helical degron shows ASB7 employing its ankyrin repeats ANK3-6 to form an extended groove that engages an internal alpha-helix degron through a network of side-chain-mediated electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions; key residues of both the degron motif and ASB7 required for recognition were identified by combined structural, biochemical and cellular analysis. The authors state that this defines a degron motif for screening additional physiological substrates, and provides a basis for rational design of compounds that specifically target ASB7 by disrupting its interaction with its cognate degron.
Molecular insights into degron recognition by CRL5ASB7 ubiquitin ligase. · Zhou J, Wang Y, et al. · Nature Communications 2024What this evidence cannot show
Abstract-level; no PDB accession was retrieved, so the structure is cited by paper rather than by coordinate file, and `pdb_ids` is deliberately left empty rather than guessed. 'Basis for rational design' is the authors' prospective statement and no compound is reported. Whether SUV39H1 or DDA3 carries the helical degron motif this structure defines is not stated in the abstract.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- A degron-disrupting compound would RAISE the abundance of ASB7's substrates, so an ASB7 inhibitor would be expected to stabilise SUV39H1 and increase H3K9me3. That is an intervention whose sign this graph cannot currently predict as beneficial or harmful, because its two H3K9 entries disagree about whether raising H3K9 methylation at this locus restrains the fusion programme or promotes rearrangement.
the case that inverted hardest: second-flattest gene effect in the set at -0.0457 and about to be rejected on it, until the function read found a 2025 Science mechanism
NEGATIVE regulator, acting on the writer rather than the mark: CUL5-ASB7 ubiquitinates SUV39H1 for degradation, and ASB7 is recruited to heterochromatin by HP1
that mechanism models the H3K9 state as a KDM3B-versus-G9a balance; a writer-degradation layer means H3K9me3 can change with neither enzyme's activity changing, so manipulating them and reading the mark does not measure what the model assumes
G9a/EHMT2 is the H3K9 methyltransferase this graph's brake mechanism uses; ASB7 controls a DIFFERENT H3K9 writer, SUV39H1, by degradation rather than by catalysis
KDM3B is the demethylase arm of the modelled balance; ASB7 is the third layer the balance omits
both are mitosis-gated chromatin events: CDK1 phosphorylates ASB7 in mitosis to release the brake and restore H3K9me3, in the same window MLL1 is said to bookmark mitotic chromatin
third protein in two cycles whose function is mitosis-gated - ASB7 degrades the spindle regulator DDA3/PSRC1 and its knockdown leaves chromosomes unaligned, while NuMA becomes the spindle pole
two of the three kept queue members, and two chromatin classes this graph had no slot for: a writer-degrader (ASB7) and a linker-histone antagonist (HMGA1)
two of the three read-queue members kept on function rather than on dependency, from the same adjudication - NUCKS1 the flattest of the six at -0.0091, ASB7 the second flattest at -0.0457
CUL5-ASB7 ubiquitinates SUV39H1 for degradation; HP1 recruits the ligase and CDK1 phosphorylation of ASB7 releases the brake in mitosis
HP1/CBX5 recruits ASB7 to heterochromatin, where CUL5-ASB7 ubiquitinates SUV39H1 for degradation - the same reader delivering the writer and the writer's destroyer
answers the open question gene-asb7 raised - why gene-suv39h1 did not exist - and adds that the writer has never been localised here either