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Analysismoderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.Q151-irx2-occupancy

IRX2 is not fusion-occupied at promoter scale in GSE252378: 0 of 27 samples, against a null of 2.73

also called IRX2 occupancy GSE252378 · q151 headline

The broken KMT2A protein does not sit on the switch of the IRX2 gene in any of 27 children's leukaemia samples, even though the same measurement finds it sitting on HOXA9 in 21 of them. One sample comes close and is discussed honestly, but the answer is no.

The same thing, for a scientist

Pre-registered test of whether IRX2 is bound by the KMT2A fusion protein in GSE252378 (AutoCUT&RUN, 27 KMT2A-fusion patient samples, 24 independent patients, 133 libraries, hg38). Under q147's rule reused verbatim - within-sample share >= 2.0x an average promoter in BOTH KMT2A-N antibodies AND above that library's 95th-percentile width-matched cannot-be-occupied floor - IRX2's strand-correct 2 kb promoter is occupied in **0 of 27** samples: 0 of 8 KMT2A::AFF1, 0 of 19 non-AFF1, 0 of 25 untreated [E1]. Both positive controls fire in the same libraries by the same rule: HOXA9 21 of 27 (and 17 of 18 non-AFF1, matching q147's 17 of 18 at 17.9 kb scale) and MEIS1 24 of 27 [E1]. The window is mappable and does carry signal - 37 of 133 libraries have non-zero raw coverage there and the maximum share reaches 3.81x - so the zero is a measurement and not a blind spot [E1]. Rule of three: the true rate of IRX2 promoter occupancy is below **11.1%** over all 27, below **15.8%** in the 19 non-AFF1 and below 37.5% within the 8 AFF1 (a weak bound, stated as one) [E1]. Two things make this a stronger negative than it looks. First, the rule is **permissive** at promoter scale: it calls a median of **10.75%** of all 19,404 refGene promoters occupied per sample, so an arbitrary promoter is expected to be occupied in **2.73 of 27** samples and IRX2 at 0 sits below that [E2]. Second, the one near-positive is named rather than hidden: p454 (KMT2A::AFF1) reads 3.81x in KMT2A-N1 and **1.898x** in KMT2A-N2, missing the gate by 0.102 share units, with IgG at exactly 0.0 [E3]. No bigWig was downloaded; the measurement already existed on disk because the project's promoter table is strand-aware [E1].

Go deeper
The measurement required no new data, and that is the first finding

My dispatch brief predicted the trap of this beat would be strand: IRX1 is plus-strand with its TSS at the lower coordinate, IRX2 is minus-strand with its TSS at the higher coordinate (chr5:2,751,677), so copying q147's IRX1 recipe would place the IRX2 window ~16 kb away at the wrong end of the gene.

The strand fact is right and I verified it independently (UCSC hg38 refGene, fetched 2026-09-24: NM_001134222 chr5:2,745,844-2,751,677 strand -; MANE NM_033267 chr5:2,746,164-2,751,677 strand -; NCBI esummary GeneID 153572 returns chrstart 2751676 > chrstop 2735634). But the trap does not exist, because C:\Temp\q145irx1\promoters.tsv - the table q145 built and q147 copied its IRX1_promoter_2kb out of - is strand-aware and already contains IRX2:

IRX2  chr5  2751677  2750677  2752677  -  NM_001134222
IRX1  chr5  3595831  3594831  3596831  +  NM_024337

So IRX2's correct 2 kb promoter has been measured in all 133 libraries since q145, at row 14,352 of promoter_matrix.tsv, and nobody had looked at it. There was no interval to add and no bigWig to re-read. 1

The rule, and the one change promoter scale forces

q147's data.floor_rule, quoted: ">=2.0x in both KMT2A-N antibodies AND above the 95th percentile of eight width-matched cannot-be-occupied loci". Reused unchanged in both clauses.

The one change: q147 width-matched its floor to the 5,572 bp IRX1 gene body. This beat measures a 2,000 bp promoter, so the floor is the 2 kb promoter of the same eight loci - ALB, RHO, MYH7, MYOD1, NEUROD1, KRT14, GFAP, INS - read from the same matrix, where every row is 2 kb by construction. Same eight loci, width matched to the measurement.

Input assertion. promoter_matrix.tsv holds RAW mean bigWig coverage, not shares. Asserted at load in the direction that would break the gate: column means span 0.9177-18.7951 and 0 of 133 is within 1% of 1.0. Each column is then divided by its own mean. Every quantity reported is a ratio. 1

Instrument consistency check, and what it is NOT. q147's regions147.py computed IRX1_promoter_2kb for 79 libraries by downloading each bigWig and averaging chr5:3,594,831-3,596,831 over promoter_sum/19404; this beat reads matrix row IRX1 and divides by the column mean. They agree to a median relative difference of 2.2e-6 across all 79. That is agreement between two expressions of the same arithmetic over the same interval and the same denominator, so it confirms the interval and the normaliser and nothing more. It is a derivation check, not an independent measurement, and it is reported here as one. 1

Per-sample table, all 27, with every denominator named

Within-sample share of the IRX2 2 kb promoter in the two fusion-side antibodies. T = menin-inhibitor treated.

samplepartnertrtIRX2 N1IRX2 N2IRX2?IRX1 N1IRX1 N2IRX1?
A73051AF10-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
A93692AF10-0.0000.000no0.1520.000no
TB000694AF10-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
A93949AF9-0.1750.000no0.0000.000no
A95941AF9-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
TB040576AF9-0.0000.000no0.0000.349no
A70498AFDN-0.0000.782no0.0000.335no
A80956AFDN-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
A82485AFDN-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
A89691AFDN-0.0930.023no0.0400.178no
TB051939AFF1-0.6200.000no0.0000.000no
TB920488AFF1-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
TB986292AFF1-0.0000.000no0.1690.000no
p179AFF1-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
p247AFF1-0.0000.000no0.0140.000no
p279AFF1-0.0050.150no3.4683.569YES
p318AFF1-0.0000.000no1.9271.237no
p454AFF1-3.8121.898no (by 0.102)4.5922.359YES
148752ENLT0.2660.145no0.4530.082no
152985ENLT0.9850.234no0.8890.530no
TB971992ENL-0.0000.000no0.0450.056no
TB995291ENL-0.0001.015no0.0000.000no
p160ENL-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
p186ENL-0.2330.041no0.0000.030no
p214ENL-0.0000.000no0.0000.000no
R3595EPS15-0.0250.000no0.2700.000no
R3652EPS15-0.1040.035no0.0000.035no

Denominators. 27 samples; 24 independent patients (pairs p279/p318, 148752/152985, R3595/R3652); AFF1 8, non-AFF1 19 - or 18 in q147's style, which drops one of the ENL lineage-switch pair. 25 untreated: the committed manifest records treated: true for both 148752 and 152985, and both desc strings say "treated with the Menin inhibitor". They differ by lineage phase (infant B-ALL vs infant AML in a lineage switch), not by treatment - so neither is an untreated control. 1

Groups that cannot carry a statistic, named rather than computed: KMT2A-EPS15 n=2 and both samples are the same patient (n_independent = 1); KMT2A-AF10 n=3; KMT2A-AF9 n=3.

Why the zero is a measurement: the two controls and the null

Positive control at the same scale. HOXA9's 2 kb promoter clears the identical rule in 17 of the 18 non-AFF1 samples q147 scored, exactly reproducing q147's 17 of 18 at 17.9 kb scale, and in 21 of 27 overall. MEIS1 clears it in 24 of 27. So a 2 kb window in this assay can report occupancy; my pre-registered expectation that this gate would fail was wrong. 1

Mappability control. 37 of 133 libraries carry non-zero raw coverage at the IRX2 window and the share reaches 3.81x, so the interval is not a dark region. A zero in an unmappable window is not a measurement; this one is. 1

The null, which is the part that matters most. Scoring all 19,404 refGene promoters against the identical rule in each of the 27 samples: the rule calls a median of 10.75% of promoters occupied per sample (range 1.86%-14.01%; the low tail is depth-driven). An arbitrary promoter is therefore expected to be occupied in 2.73 of 27 samples. IRX2 at 0 is below that; HOXA9 at 21 and MEIS1 at 24 are far above. A gate that admits one promoter in ten is not stringent, and no entry in this graph previously recorded that. 2

The near miss, named rather than buried

p454, KMT2A::AFF1, untreated. IRX2 promoter share 3.8119 in KMT2A-N1 (library floor 0.015) and 1.8979 in KMT2A-N2 (floor 0.2022). Both are above the floor; N2 is 0.102 below the 2.0x gate, i.e. 5.1% of the threshold. IgG is exactly 0.0. The C-side antibodies read 1.595 and 1.106. In the same sample IRX1 reads 4.592 / 2.359 and is called occupied.

A threshold sweep from 0.5x to 4.0x shows the count go 0 -> 1 of 27 between 1.90x and 1.89x, and the one sample gained is p454. At every threshold in that range the count of IRX2-occupied non-AFF1 samples is 0. So the magnitude of this result is threshold-dependent and the partner-restriction of it is not. 3

This is reported as branch IRX2-IS-NOT-OCCUPIED because that is what the pre-registered rule returns, and the boundary is declared rather than resolved by moving the rule. 3

What this cannot tell you
  • Scale. This is a 2 kb promoter result. q147's IRX1 call was at gene-body scale (5,572 bp) and q145's headline rho was too. A gene-body IRX2 measurement does not exist and would need the bigWigs re-read; the interval would be chr5:2,745,844-2,751,677 (NM_001134222, 5,833 bp) or 2,746,164-2,751,677 (MANE, 5,513 bp). See exp-q151-rescore-irx2-at-gene-body-scale-in-gse252378.
  • Gene identity. IRX2's TSS is 215 bp from IRX2-DT's on the opposite strand, so 1,785 bp (89.2%) of the 2 kb window is shared with the divergent transcript. Signal in this window cannot be assigned to IRX2 rather than IRX2-DT. See concept-q151-a-divergent-promoter-pair-shares-its-window-and-a-2-kb-call-cannot-name-its-gene.
  • Locus independence. The test for "one 844 kb domain rather than two genes" is underpowered: only 3 refGene promoters in the matrix lie in the 1.2 Mb spanning IRX2 and IRX1, and two of the three (IRX2, IRX2-DT/C5orf38) are the same divergent promoter. The flat profile between them is not evidence of independence, it is evidence of a gene desert. 2
  • Cohorts. GSE252378 (occupancy) and GSE68720 (expression) are different patients. concept-an-expression-subgroup-is-not-an-occupancy-subgroup applies; no expression conclusion is transferred here.
  • Depth. This deposit has no spike-in (171/171 GSMs library_strategy = OTHER), so no claim of the form "sample X has little oncoprotein anywhere" is made.
Facts and figures
scriptanalyses/q151-is-irx2-fusion-occupied-in-gse252378/run151.py
statusrun
bigwigs downloaded0
depositGSE252378
n samples27
n independent patients24
n libraries in matrix133
n libraries used for the call54
n promoters19404
genome buildhg38
unitswithin-sample share (1.0 = an average promoter in that library); no spike-in in this deposit
floor rule>=2.0x in both KMT2A-N antibodies AND above the 95th percentile of eight width-matched cannot-be-occupied loci (ALB, RHO, MYH7, MYOD1, NEUROD1, KRT14, GFAP, INS), width-matched here to the 2 kb promoter rather than to q147's 5,572 bp gene body
irx2 promoter hg38chr5:2750677-2752677, TSS 2751677, strand -, NM_001134222
irx1 promoter hg38chr5:3594831-3596831, TSS 3595831, strand +, NM_024337
irx1 irx2 tss distance bp844154
coordinates verified againstUCSC api.genome.ucsc.edu/getData/track?genome=hg38;track=refGene fetched 2026-09-24, plus NCBI esummary gene 153572 (chrstart 2751676 > chrstop 2735634 = minus strand)
preregistrationanalyses/q151-is-irx2-fusion-occupied-in-gse252378/PREREGISTRATION.md
prereg branch firedIRX2-IS-NOT-OCCUPIED (branch B), with the branch-C condition (d) - the divergent-transcript ambiguity - also holding and recorded
prereg expectation that was WRONGI pre-declared that the 2 kb HOXA9 positive control was the most likely gate to fail. It passed at 17/18, exactly matching q147's 17/18 at 17.9 kb scale.
matrix is raw asserted
n_columns_within_1pct_of_…0.000n_columns_within_1pct_of_1.0: 0column_mean_min0.918column_mean_min: 0.9177column_mean_max18.8column_mean_max: 18.7951n_columns133.0n_columns: 133
measurements
n_samples_occupied0.000n_samples_occupied: 0share1.898share: 1.8979rule_pass_rate10.8rule_pass_rate: 10.75n_samples_occupied21.0n_samples_occupied: 21
inputs
[
  "C:/Temp/q147part/promoter_matrix.tsv (19,404 promoters x 133 libraries, RAW coverage)",
  "C:/Temp/q147part/_regions/*.json (q147's independently computed region shares, 79 libraries)",
  "C:/Temp/q145irx1/promoters.tsv (strand-aware refGene promoter table)"
]
matrix is raw asserted — the numbers behind the chart
{
  "column_mean_min": 0.9177,
  "column_mean_max": 18.7951,
  "n_columns_within_1pct_of_1.0": 0,
  "n_columns": 133
}
occupied counts
{
  "IRX2": "0/27, 0/8 AFF1, 0/19 non-AFF1, 0/18 non-AFF1 q147-style, 0/25 untreated",
  "IRX1": "2/27 (p279, p454), both AFF1",
  "HOXA9": "21/27, 4/8 AFF1, 17/19 non-AFF1, 17/18 non-AFF1 q147-style",
  "MEIS1": "24/27",
  "PROM1": "11/27",
  "IRX2_DT_C5orf38": "0/27"
}
measurements — the numbers behind the chart
[
  {
    "quantity": "n_samples_occupied",
    "subject": "IRX2 2 kb promoter, KMT2A-N1+N2, GSE252378",
    "value": 0,
    "units": "samples",
    "n": 27,
    "universe": "27 KMT2A-fusion patient samples (24 independent patients), 54 KMT2A-N libraries, 19,404-promoter matrix, rule >=2.0x both N antibodies AND above the 8-locus width-matched floor",
    "null": 2.73,
    "note": "the null is the expected number of samples for an ARBITRARY promoter under the same rule: median 10.75% pass rate per sample x 27. Rule of three upper bound 11.1%."
  },
  {
    "quantity": "n_samples_occupied",
    "subject": "HOXA9 2 kb promoter, KMT2A-N1+N2, GSE252378 (positive control)",
    "value": 21,
    "units": "samples",
    "n": 27,
    "universe": "same 27 samples, same libraries, same rule",
    "null": 2.73,
    "note": "17 of the 18 non-AFF1 samples q147 scored, exactly reproducing q147's 17/18 at 17.9 kb scale. This is what makes the IRX2 zero a measurement."
  },
  {
    "quantity": "share",
    "subject": "IRX2 2 kb promoter in p454 KMT2A-N2 (the near miss)",
    "value": 1.8979,
    "units": "x an average promoter in that library",
    "n": 1,
    "universe": "library p454_KMT2An_2, floor 0.2022, gate 2.0; N1 in the same sample is 3.8119 with floor 0.015 and IgG is 0.0",
    "null": 2,
    "note": "the 'null' here is the gate itself: the shortfall is 0.102 share units, 5.1% of the threshold. This is the single sample the whole zero turns on."
  },
  {
    "quantity": "rule_pass_rate",
    "subject": "an arbitrary refGene promoter under the q147 rule at promoter scale",
    "value": 10.75,
    "units": "percent of 19,404 promoters, per-sample median",
    "n": 27,
    "universe": "all 19,404 refGene promoters scored in each of 27 samples; range 1.86% (A80956) to 14.01% (p247)",
    "null": null,
    "note": "no null applies - this IS the null for every single-locus occupancy call at promoter scale in this deposit"
  }
]
How this could bite us back
  • If IRX2 were proposed as a KMT2A::AFF1-specific dependency on the strength of its expression pattern, this entry says the fusion protein is not measurably at its promoter in 27 patient samples - so a targeting rationale would have to rest on an indirect route, and an indirect route is the one most likely to be compensated.
  • The one near-positive sample is also the one where IRX1 is most strongly occupied, so any agent that suppressed signal at this locus would likely hit both IRX genes and the divergent transcript together; a selective IRX2 intervention is not supported by anything measured here.
Still open
  1. Is IRX2 occupied at GENE-BODY scale? The 2 kb promoter is 0 of 27 but q147 found IRX1 at gene-body scale, and no gene-body IRX2 measurement exists. The interval is chr5:2,745,844-2,751,677 and the machinery is regions147.py.
  2. In p454, is the 3.81x at chr5:~2,751,7xx a peak over IRX2's TSS or over IRX2-DT's, 215 bp away on the other strand? Only base-resolution signal from the bigWig can separate them, and that question is unanswerable from a 2 kb mean.
  3. Does the q147 rule have the same ~10.75% pass rate at gene-body scale? It cannot be computed from what is on disk, and q147's positive calls are currently reported without any null.
Every source behind this entry (3)
  1. E1moderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.dataset

    In GSE252378, the IRX2 2 kb promoter (chr5:2,750,677-2,752,677, minus-strand TSS 2,751,677) is occupied in 0 of 27 KMT2A-fusion samples under q147's two-antibody 2.0x plus width-matched-floor rule, while HOXA9 is occupied in 21 of 27 and 17 of 18 non-AFF1 in the same libraries by the same rule, and the window carries non-zero coverage in 37 of 133 libraries.

    What this evidence cannot show

    This is a re-analysis of the deposit, not a claim the deposit's authors make; IRX2 is not mentioned anywhere in GSE252378's metadata, which is why expected_absent_terms names it. Promoter scale only (2 kb). The occupancy call rests on 54 KMT2A-N libraries across 27 samples from 24 independent patients at four institutions; no spike-in exists so every value is a within-sample share. The eight-locus floor is a proxy for a true negative, not an IgG-matched control. Numbers are reproducible from analyses/q151-is-irx2-fusion-occupied-in-gse252378/results151.json.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • A 2 kb promoter window is not where q147 found IRX1. q147's IRX1 call is at gene-body scale (5,572 bp) and this beat's own IRX1 promoter-scale count is only 2 of 27, at the null. If fusion binding at the IrxA cluster is distributed over the gene body rather than concentrated at the TSS, a promoter-scale zero would be the wrong instrument and this entry would be measuring window width. Kuhn A et al. 2016
  2. E2strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.dataset

    Scored over all 19,404 refGene promoters, the q147 occupancy rule calls a median of 10.75% of promoters occupied per sample in GSE252378 (range 1.86-14.01%), so an arbitrary promoter is expected to be called occupied in 2.73 of 27 samples; IRX2 at 0 of 27 is below that expectation and HOXA9 at 21 and MEIS1 at 24 are far above it.

    q151 null for the q147 occupancy rule at promoter scale, over 19,404 refGene promoters x 27 samples · Iqbal Lab oncofusion knowledge graph, beat Q151 · this project 2026
    What this evidence cannot show

    This is a null computed by this project from the deposit, not a published figure. It is specific to PROMOTER scale and to this deposit's depth distribution; it does NOT establish that q147's gene-body rule has the same false-positive rate, because no 19,404-region gene-body matrix exists on disk and q147's null therefore cannot be computed from what is available. The low tail of the range (1.86% in A80956) is driven by an unusually high floor (4.005x in KMT2A-N1), not by a stringent gate.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • A high per-sample pass rate is not by itself evidence that the rule is wrong - a fusion oncoprotein that occupies thousands of promoters would produce exactly this. The rate is reported as the reference against which a single-locus call must be read, not as a defect claim. NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus 2024
  3. E3moderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.dataset

    The single near-positive is p454 (KMT2A::AFF1, untreated), where the IRX2 promoter reads 3.8119x in KMT2A-N1 and 1.8979x in KMT2A-N2 against an IgG of exactly 0.0, missing the 2.0x two-antibody gate by 0.102 share units; a sweep from 0.5x to 4.0x moves the IRX2 count from 1 of 27 to 0 of 27 between 1.89x and 1.90x and leaves the non-AFF1 count at 0 at every threshold.

    q151 threshold sensitivity sweep and near-miss decomposition, GSE252378 · Iqbal Lab oncofusion knowledge graph, beat Q151 · this project 2026
    What this evidence cannot show

    n = 1 sample. The 3.81x in N1 sits at the 95.07th percentile of that library's 19,404 promoters (956 promoters at or above it), so it is high but not extreme; the 1.898x in N2 is at the 81.49th percentile. Two antibodies against one epitope region are not independent replicates of the biology. The gate is fixed at q147's 2.0x and was NOT moved to make this sample positive.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • IRX2-DT (C5orf38), whose 2 kb window shares 89.2% of its sequence with IRX2's, reads 3.063 / 1.886 in the same two p454 libraries - essentially the same signal. Whatever is at chr5:~2,751,7xx in p454 cannot be attributed to IRX2 rather than to its divergent transcript. NCBI Gene 2026
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