GSE159608 — 419 automated CUT&Tag libraries across 7 KMT2A-rearranged primary patient samples, 5 lines and a normal CD34+ donor, including KMT2A fusion occupancy, a menin-inhibitor arm in SEM, and three single-cell CUT&Tag libraries
also called Janssens 2021 AutoCUT&Tag series · automated CUT&Tag mixed-lineage leukemia · the accession behind PMID 34663924
This is a large, freely downloadable public dataset that maps where the KMT2A fusion protein and nine chromatin marks sit on the genome, in seven real patients' leukaemia cells and in the standard laboratory cell lines, with healthy donor stem cells as a control. Three of its libraries read the marks one cell at a time. This project has cited the paper twelve times and has never written down the accession number, so nobody could reuse the data.
The same thing, for a scientist
GEO series **GSE159608**, 419 samples, *Homo sapiens*, released 2021-06-10, platform GPL16791 (Illumina HiSeq 2500), submitted by the Janssens Lab at Van Andel Institute — the resource behind PMID 34663924, which this corpus cites in **12 entries without ever naming the accession** [E1][E2]. Contents read directly from the GEO sample metadata, not from the paper's prose [E1]: **Primary patient samples, all sorted CD45+, all KMT2A-rearranged and all partner-annotated:** ALL-1 (KMT2A-AF4 B-ALL), MPAL-2 (KMT2A-AF4), MPAL-1 (KMT2A-AF9), AML-1 (KMT2A-SEPT6), AML-2 (KMT2A-ENL), AML-3 (KMT2A-AF9), AML-4 and AML-5 (KMT2A-AF10). **Normal control:** sorted CD34+ HSPCs from a donor, 27 libraries. **Lines:** SEM and RS4;11 (KMT2A-AF4 B-ALL), KOPN-8 (KMT2A-ENL B-ALL), ML-2 (KMT2A-AF6 AML), K562, H1 hESC. **Targets:** KMT2A (180 libraries — the series' purpose is *'genome-wide occupancy of oncogenic KMT2A fusion proteins in primary patient samples regardless of fusion partner'* [E2]), IgG (167), H3K4me3 (141), ENL (100), H3K36me3 (97), H3K27ac (96), H3K4me1 (85), H3K27me3 (85), H3K9me3 (84), RNAPII-Ser5p (81), plus DOT1L and ELL arms. **Drug arms, 72 h, all in B-ALL lines:** DMSO; **EPZ-5676 (pinometostat) 30 µM** with H3K27ac and H3K4me3 in SEM, RS4;11 and KOPN-8; and **VTP-50469 (menin inhibitor) 30 µM with H3K4me3 in SEM (GSM5139713/14), RS4;11 (GSM5139683/84) and KOPN-8 (GSM5139639/40)**, each two replicates against matched DMSO [E1]. **The single-cell component is small and must not be oversold: three libraries**, H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3, run on the iCell8 on *'sorted CD45+ cells from patient sample or KMT2Ar cell lines'*, with per-cell FASTQ identifiers of the form `SampleID_HistoneMark_Replicate#_Cell#` [E1]. The other 416 libraries are bulk automated CUT&Tag. **It is nonetheless the only deposited single-cell chromatin dataset in KMT2A-rearranged leukaemia this beat could find**, and it is the resource behind the paper's claim that integrating automated and single-cell CUT&Tag *'uncovers lineage heterogeneity within patient samples'* [E2].
The absence this dataset refutes
absence-no-menin-inhibitor-occupancy-dataset-in-an-infant-derived-kmt2a-aff1-line states, in its title, that every chromatin measurement under a menin inhibitor is in an adult-derived line, and none is in an infant KMT2A::AFF1 model, and in its body that 'SEM — the canonical infant-derived t(4;11) KMT2A::AFF1 line … appears in the menin-inhibitor literature only as a viability and synergy system, never as a chromatin-profiling system under drug.'
GSE159608 contains SEM treated with 30 µM VTP-50469 for 72 hours, profiled by H3K4me3 CUT&Tag, two replicates, with matched DMSO controls — GSM5139713 and GSM5139714 against GSM5139709 and GSM5139710 1. The same design exists for RS4;11 and for KOPN-8, which is also infant-derived.
The absence entry cites the very paper this data belongs to, at its evidence[2]. The enumeration behind the absence was done by reading methods and figure legends of full texts — a careful and correct method for what it can see — and a deposited sample that a paper does not discuss in its main text is invisible to it. That is the generalisable lesson: for a bounded absence about whether a measurement exists, the GEO sample metadata is a better index than the paper, because depositors annotate arms that the narrative never returns to.
What survives of the absence, and it is not nothing. Under the menin inhibitor GSE159608 profiles H3K4me3 only — no KMT2A occupancy, no menin, no H3K27ac, no RNAPII, no H3K79me2. So the narrower and still-true claim is: no fusion-occupancy measurement under a pharmacological menin inhibitor exists in an infant-derived KMT2A::AFF1 line; the only deposited chromatin readout is H3K4me3 CUT&Tag in SEM and RS4;11, n = 2 replicates each, GSE159608. That is a materially different and much more actionable statement than the one on record, and reanalysing those six libraries is a day's work.
What single-cell resolution adds here, and its limits
The paper's own framing is that integrating automated and single-cell CUT&Tag 'uncovers lineage heterogeneity within patient samples' 2. That is the epigenetic counterpart of the transcriptomic plasticity result in mechanism-myeloid-primed-blasts-preexist-at-kmt2a-r-b-all-diagnosis: a patient sample that looks like one chromatin state in bulk resolves into more than one when read cell by cell.
The limits are real and should be stated before anyone plans on this. Three libraries, three marks, one platform run (iCell8, 2020-07-23), and the sample annotation is a disjunction — 'sorted CD45+ cells from patient sample or KMT2Ar cell lines' — so which cells are in which library has to be recovered from the per-cell FASTQ identifiers rather than read off the metadata. None of the three single-cell marks is KMT2A itself, so the fusion's own occupancy heterogeneity across cells is not in this dataset. Single-cell CUT&Tag also yields very sparse per-cell coverage, so any per-cell claim needs aggregation over cells and the effective n is much smaller than the cell count suggests.
Why the partner annotation makes this unusually useful to this project
Seven primary patient samples, each with its fusion partner named in the GEO metadata, spanning AF4, AF9, ENL, AF10 and SEPT6, plus a CD34+ normal donor on the same platform in the same lab 1. This corpus's recurring structural problem — measured in its own partner-provenance audit, where 0 of 24 sampled load-bearing experiments rested on a dedicated human KMT2A::AFF1 experiment — is that mechanism is imported across partners without the import being tested.
GSE159608 is a within-lab, within-platform, partner-resolved panel. It is one of the very few datasets in which the question does this hold for AF4 as well as for AF9 can be asked without a cross-study batch confound. Two of the primary samples are KMT2A-AF4 (ALL-1 and MPAL-2) and one of them is MPAL, which is directly on the lineage-plasticity axis this beat is about.
| repository | NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus |
|---|---|
| geo accession | GSE159608 |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159608 |
| n samples | 419 |
| organism | Homo sapiens |
| platform | GPL16791 (Illumina HiSeq 2500) |
| release date | 2021-06-10 |
| gds type | Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing |
| normal control | sorted CD34+ HSPCs from donor sample, 27 libraries |
| single cell source | sorted CD45+ cells from patient sample or KMT2Ar cell lines; per-cell FASTQ identifier format SampleID_HistoneMark_Replicate#_Cell# |
| source pmid | 34663924 |
| cited in this corpus | 0 |
| paper cited in this corpus | 12 |
| status | run |
| result summary | Sample-level inventory of GSE159608 read from the GEO SOFT metadata. 419 libraries: 7 partner-annotated KMT2A-rearranged primary patient samples (two of them KMT2A::AFF1), a sorted CD34+ donor control, six lines, ten antibody targets led by KMT2A at 180 libraries, EPZ-5676 and VTP-50469 72 h drug arms, and three single-cell CUT&Tag libraries. The VTP-50469 + H3K4me3 arm in SEM (GSM5139713/14) refutes this corpus's standing absence claim that SEM has never been chromatin-profiled under a menin inhibitor. |
assays
[ "AutoCUT&Tag (bulk, automated)", "single-cell CUT&Tag (iCell8) — 3 libraries only" ]
primary patient samples — the numbers behind the chart
[
{
"label": "ALL-1",
"fusion": "KMT2A::AFF1 (KMT2A-AF4)",
"disease": "B-ALL",
"n_libraries": 28
},
{
"label": "MPAL-2",
"fusion": "KMT2A::AFF1 (KMT2A-AF4)",
"disease": "MPAL",
"n_libraries": 28
},
{
"label": "MPAL-1",
"fusion": "KMT2A::MLLT3 (KMT2A-AF9)",
"disease": "MPAL",
"n_libraries": 28
},
{
"label": "AML-1",
"fusion": "KMT2A::SEPT6",
"disease": "AML/B-ALL (annotated both ways in GEO)",
"n_libraries": 28
},
{
"label": "AML-2",
"fusion": "KMT2A::MLLT1 (KMT2A-ENL)",
"disease": "AML",
"n_libraries": 28
},
{
"label": "AML-3",
"fusion": "KMT2A::MLLT3 (KMT2A-AF9)",
"disease": "AML",
"n_libraries": 27
},
{
"label": "AML-4",
"fusion": "KMT2A::MLLT10 (KMT2A-AF10)",
"disease": "AML",
"n_libraries": 27
},
{
"label": "AML-5",
"fusion": "KMT2A::MLLT10 (KMT2A-AF10)",
"disease": "AML",
"n_libraries": 27
}
]cell lines
[ "SEM (KMT2A::AFF1)", "RS4;11 (KMT2A::AFF1)", "KOPN-8 (KMT2A::MLLT1)", "ML-2 (KMT2A::AFDN)", "K562", "H1 hESC" ]
targets
{
"KMT2A": 180,
"IgG": 167,
"H3K4me3": 141,
"ENL": 100,
"H3K36me3": 97,
"H3K27ac": 96,
"H3K4me1": 85,
"H3K27me3": 85,
"H3K9me3": 84,
"RNAP2S5p": 81,
"MLL": 22,
"DOT1L": "present (arm across lines and patient samples)",
"ELL": "present"
}drug arms — the numbers behind the chart
[
{
"drug": "DMSO vehicle",
"duration_h": 72,
"lines": [
"SEM",
"RS4;11",
"KOPN-8"
]
},
{
"drug": "EPZ-5676 (pinometostat, DOT1L inhibitor)",
"conc_uM": 30,
"duration_h": 72,
"lines": [
"SEM",
"RS4;11",
"KOPN-8"
],
"targets": [
"H3K27ac",
"H3K4me3"
]
},
{
"drug": "VTP-50469 (menin inhibitor)",
"conc_uM": 30,
"duration_h": 72,
"lines": [
"SEM",
"RS4;11",
"KOPN-8"
],
"targets": [
"H3K4me3"
],
"gsm_sem": [
"GSM5139713",
"GSM5139714"
],
"gsm_rs411": [
"GSM5139683",
"GSM5139684"
],
"gsm_kopn8": [
"GSM5139639",
"GSM5139640"
],
"matched_dmso_sem": [
"GSM5139709",
"GSM5139710"
]
}
]single cell libraries
[
{
"gsm_title": "H3K4me3_scCUTnTag_(20200723_DJ_Hs_K4m3_scCnT)",
"antibody": "H3K4me3 Active Motif 39159"
},
{
"gsm_title": "H3K27me3_scCUTnTag_(20200723_DJ_Hs_K27m3_scCnT)",
"antibody": "H3K27me3 Cell Signaling 9733S"
},
{
"gsm_title": "H3K36me3_scCUTnTag_(20200723_DJ_Hs_K36m3_scCnT)",
"antibody": "H3K36me3 Epicypher 13-0031"
}
]inputs
[ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE159608", "analyses/is-there-a-menin-readout-under-dot1l-inhibition/gsm_GSE159608.txt (419 GSM SOFT records)", "NCBI eutils gds esummary" ]
- Using a deposited drug arm the authors did not analyse in their main text means there is no published figure to check a reanalysis against. That is exactly the situation in which a pipeline artefact becomes a finding. Any reanalysis of the VTP-50469 arm must first reproduce something the paper DOES report — an H3K4me3 profile in untreated SEM, say — before the drug comparison is believed.
- n = 2 replicates per condition is enough to see a large effect and not enough to bound a small one. If H3K4me3 does not move at fusion targets under VTP-50469 in these six libraries, the honest statement is 'no large change detected at n=2', not 'the mark does not move'.
- CUT&Tag signal tracks accessibility as well as antibody binding. A menin inhibitor that closes chromatin will lower CUT&Tag signal for every target, including ones it does not act on, so an apparent H3K4me3 loss needs the IgG arm and a spike-in normalisation before it is called a mark change.
- Does H3K4me3 move at the fusion's canonical target loci in SEM under VTP-50469, and does the direction match what the corpus predicts from adult lines? Six libraries, matched DMSO, both index-fusion lines — this is the cheapest open experiment named anywhere in this beat.
- The three single-cell libraries: which cells in them are patient-derived and which are line-derived? The metadata does not say and the per-cell FASTQ identifiers do. Until that is resolved, no per-patient heterogeneity claim can be made from them.
- 180 KMT2A CUT&Tag libraries across five partner genotypes and a normal CD34+ donor. Does fusion occupancy at the shared target set differ between the AF4 samples and the AF9/AF10 samples, within one lab and one platform? This is the partner-import question the corpus's own provenance audit says is untested.
- AML-1 is annotated as both 'AML' and 'B-ALL' across its libraries (15 vs 13 records). Which is it, and does the discrepancy indicate a mixed-phenotype or a metadata error? It matters because MPAL and lineage ambiguity are the axis of this beat.
- Is there a matched transcriptome for any of these seven patient samples anywhere, so chromatin and expression can be joined per patient?
- E1established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.dataset
GSE159608 comprises 419 human samples including seven partner-annotated KMT2A-rearranged primary patient samples (ALL-1 KMT2A-AF4, MPAL-2 KMT2A-AF4, MPAL-1 KMT2A-AF9, AML-1 KMT2A-SEPT6, AML-2 KMT2A-ENL, AML-3 KMT2A-AF9, AML-4 and AML-5 KMT2A-AF10), a sorted CD34+ donor HSPC control, the lines SEM, RS4;11, KOPN-8, ML-2, K562 and H1; targets including KMT2A (180 libraries), H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K27me3, H3K9me3, H3K36me3, ENL, DOT1L, ELL, RNAPII-Ser5p and IgG; 72-hour EPZ-5676 and VTP-50469 drug arms in SEM, RS4;11 and KOPN-8 with matched DMSO; and three single-cell CUT&Tag libraries (H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3) run on the iCell8.
GEO series GSE159608 — Automated CUT&Tag profiling of chromatin heterogeneity in mixed-lineage leukemia (SOFT sample metadata, 419 GSM records) · Janssens DH, Meers MP, Wu SJ, et al. (senior author Henikoff S); deposited by the Janssens Lab, Van Andel Institute · NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus 2021What this evidence cannot show
Every fact in this evidence item was read from the GEO SOFT sample records (`!Sample_title`, `!Sample_characteristics_ch1` cell type and cut&tag antibody, `!Sample_description`) as mirrored in analyses/is-there-a-menin-readout-under-dot1l-inhibition/gsm_GSE159608.txt in this repository, and cross-checked against the eutils gds esummary (accession GSE159608, n_samples 419, taxon Homo sapiens, platform GPL16791, release 2021-06-10). Target counts are counts of libraries with that antibody string, not counts of independent experiments — replicates and conditions inflate them. I did NOT download any sequence data, so nothing here is a statement about data quality, depth, or whether a given library is usable. The partner names are the depositor's own annotation using the legacy AF4/AF9/ENL/AF10 nomenclature; AF4 = AFF1, AF9 = MLLT3, ENL = MLLT1, AF10 = MLLT10, AF6 = AFDN.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- A 419-library series is not 419 experiments, and this one is dominated by a single laboratory's automated platform. Any conclusion drawn from it inherits AutoCUT&Tag's specific biases — notably that CUT&Tag reports pA-Tn5 tagmentation accessibility as well as antibody binding, which is a known confound for calling occupancy at open promoters and is the reason an IgG arm is present in 167 of the libraries. Janssens DH et al. 2021
- E2established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.paper
The series' stated purpose is to map genome-wide occupancy of oncogenic KMT2A fusion proteins in primary patient samples regardless of fusion partner, and integrating automated with single-cell CUT&Tag uncovers lineage heterogeneity within patient samples.
Automated CUT&Tag profiling of chromatin heterogeneity in mixed-lineage leukemia · Janssens DH, Meers MP, Wu SJ, et al. (senior author Henikoff S) · Nature Genetics 2021What this evidence cannot show
Quoted from the GEO series summary, which is the depositors' own abstract-length description. The phrase 'uncovers lineage heterogeneity within patient samples' is the authors' claim about their own integration; I have not reanalysed the three single-cell libraries to check it, and a three-library single-cell component is a modest basis for a heterogeneity claim. This paper is already cited in 12 entries of this corpus, chiefly for H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 facts.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- A GEO series summary is written by the depositors to describe the whole series and routinely overstates the weight of a small component. Three single-cell libraries out of 419 is not what 'integration of automated and single-cell CUT&Tag' sounds like, and a reader who takes the summary at face value would badly misjudge the resource. The sample-level metadata, not the summary, is what this entry's factual claims rest on. Janssens Lab et al. 2021
- E3established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.dataset
Neither this accession nor any of the other GEO accessions behind the single-cell and lineage-switch papers this corpus cites appears anywhere in the corpus: a grep over all 2,603 node files for GSE159608, GSE132396, GSE130142, GSE251658, GSE297908 and GSE235787 returns zero entries each.
grep over data/graph/nodes/ for GEO accessions, run 2026-09-23 · Q139 · Iqbal Lab oncofusion knowledge graph repository 2026What this evidence cannot show
A literal string grep over node JSON only. It does not cover the analyses/ directory, where GSE159608 does appear — as analyses/is-there-a-menin-readout-under-dot1l-inhibition/gsm_GSE159608.txt, an untracked working file from a concurrent beat. So the accession is in the working tree and not in the graph, which is precisely the failure this entry exists to close.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- A literal-string grep understates references: a corpus could describe a dataset accurately without ever naming its accession, and several entries do discuss this paper's chromatin results in detail. The defect being reported is narrower than 'the corpus does not know about this data' - it is that the machine-readable identifier needed to fetch it again is not stored, which is a reproducibility failure rather than a knowledge failure. Q139 2026
SEM + 30 uM VTP-50469 72 h, H3K4me3 CUT&Tag, 2 replicates with matched DMSO (GSM5139713/14) - the absence entry says no such chromatin profiling exists in SEM under a menin inhibitor
- related to →KMT2A / MLL1 — the gene that breaks
180 CUT&Tag libraries mapping KMT2A fusion occupancy across five partner genotypes
141 H3K4me3 libraries including the only menin-inhibitor arm in the series
85 bulk libraries plus one of the three single-cell CUT&Tag libraries
- related to →Pinometostat (EPZ-5676) — the DOT1L inhibitor, and the most instructive failure in this field
EPZ-5676 30 uM 72 h arm with H3K27ac and H3K4me3 in SEM, RS4;11 and KOPN-8
- related to →KMT2A::AFF1 (MLL-AF4), t(4;11)(q21;q23)
two KMT2A::AFF1 primary patient samples (ALL-1, MPAL-2) plus SEM and RS4;11
two of the seven partner-annotated primary samples are MPAL, on the lineage-ambiguity axis
the corpus cites this dataset's paper 12 times and records the accession nowhere - the same failure to store the machine-readable identifier
The deposit's sample labels are sound, so the SEM inventory in that entry can be read at face value
41 SEM libraries grouped by signal recover the antibody each sample's characteristics names
A per-mark census of the SEM arm of the same deposit